Brian Woodruff, MD Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) DEFINITION Neonatal encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by “a subnormal level of consciousness or seizures, and often accompanied by difficulty with initiating and maintaining respiration and depression of tone and reflexes.” (Swaiman) When it is caused by deprivation of oxygen to the brain, the diagnosis is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy… read more